The Economic Growth Of India - 1944 Words

12 GDP growth GDP growth india 1991-2011 5 | P a g e 1.2 Social or Cultural Changes The economic growth of India has spurred the fundamental change among the country’s consumers. The ability of purchasing power of the poor people is giving a thrust in its economic development and social change among the Indian people. 1.3 Environmental Change Predictions The environmental problem in India is escalating in parallel with the Indian economy. The rapid economic development in tandem with rapid growing of population is putting a strain on the environment, infrastructure, and the country’s natural resources. Domestic waste, Industrial pollution, soil erosion, deforestation, rapid industrialization, urbanization, and land degradation are all worsening problems in India. These problems are affecting the weather of the country therefore draught and deluge is common natural disaster. In 2011, India produces 31.6 gigatonnes (Gt) of carbon-dioxide from fossil-fuel combustion according to preliminary estimates from the International Energy Agency (IEA) (IMF, 2014). 1.4 Government Attitudes to Sustainable Growth The Indian Government has ratified and enacted environmental protocols like Kyoto Protocol. The India GHG Program brings together internationally recognized GHG accounting and measurement tools and methodologies from WRI’s GHG Protocol to create a comprehensive platform that facilitates relevant regional, national, and sectoral benchmarking of GHG emissions and recognizesShow MoreRelatedThe Economic Growth Of India Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction India has experienced lopsided growth across its major sectors especially after the reform process have been initiated in the early 1990s. Studies show that if the pre-reform period is compared with the post-reform period, economic growth has definitely picked up in India. Given the structure of the economy and the state of human capital availability reforms have led to the increase in share of the services sector at the expense of industrial and agricultural sectors. On the other handRead MoreThe Economic Growth Of India Essay4047 Words   |  17 PagesINTRODUCTION The economy of India is based on a sound financial system that helps in accelerating production, capital and economic growth of the country. One of the main objectives of every financial system of modern economy to accumulate savings and to develop saving habits among the people. It also helps the saving to allocate into productive usage such as trade and commerce. The efficient utilization and allocation of the savings helps in increasing the economic growth of the country. A well organisedRead MoreEconomic Growth Between India And India3046 Words   |  13 Pages................................................................................................1 What is Economic growth? ................................................................................................2 What is GDP? ..................................................................................................................3 Compare economic growth Australia and India....................................................................4 Positives and negatives impacts on societyRead MoreSocio Economic Growth Of India1354 Words   |  6 Pages Inclusive Economic Growth in India After the Soviet Union crashed in the early nineties India opened its markets to the world. Since then, India has taken giant leaps to catch up with the rest of the developing nations. India’s economy decided to skip the manufacturing sector and go straight to the service and financial sectors. By 2009–2010 services (transport, trade, communications, and social services) provided employment for nearly half of the rural non-farm workers (Himanshu 2013). HoweverRead MoreThe Rate of Economic Growth in India655 Words   |  3 PagesArguably, India has underperformed other developing nations in terms of privatization. The country has a target of selling stakes in a number of companies, but the pace of privatization has been slow (Joshi, 2011). The countrys privatization drive was going strong in the early part of the 2000s, but tailed off by the middle part of that decade, maintaining a sluggish pace since then. The trend towards deregulation has also been slow, but many believe that it has been steadier. Nevertheless, theRead MoreEconomic Growth Of Indi India1720 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor: William May 12, 2016 Economic growth of India India is one of the fastest economic growth countries in the world; it is also one of the world’s top ten economics. 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Introduction: GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is indicator of a nation’s economic Growth- Measured by the market value of all officially recognized final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. Through GDP growth we can measure the economic growth, especially very much useful indicating tools for measuring growth in the least developed countries (LDCs), like Bangladesh, Haiti, Samoa, AfghanistanRead MoreEssay on India China Economic Growth906 Words   |  4 PagesMAIN CATALYSTS TO GROWTH IN CHINA AND INDIA. India with about 1.2 million populations and china with about 1.3 billon population are two big demographic and emerging countries in the world .Over a past few decade India’s combination into the economic has been accompanied by remarkable economic growth (World Bank 2011 ¬).India is having the 3th position on the economy in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms (The Economic Times, 2012). India’s total GDP (gross Domestic Product) growth was 5.5% in 2012

Chinese architecture Free Essays

Ancient Chinese architecture is an important component of the world architectural system. Through the years it formed into a style that combined stone carving, rammed earth construction, bucket arch buildings and many other techniques. Chinese laboring people created many architectural miracles like the Great Wall, the Forbidden City and the mausoleum of the First Kin Emperor. We will write a custom essay sample on Chinese architecture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The most significant characteristic Is the use of timber framework. Painting and carving were added to make the work more beautiful and attractive. The ancient buildings have a long history that can be tracked back all the way to the Shank Dynasty. The houses are built in a very nice way with the roofs colored, windows with exquisite applique © design and beautiful flower patterns. The layout of a courtyard is unique to China. The main structure is on the central axis of a court while less important structures are to the left and right. Houses of China were similar, the way of laying out a house was similar among rich and poor. Chinese people build one floor of a building everyday. Some examples of beautiful buildings are the Lieu Pagoda of Hangout, (it was build during the Song Dynasty); the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda, (it was build during the Tang Dynasty); the Hall of Supreme Harmony within the Palace museum, (it was built during the Mining Dynasty). The Coughing Garden in Ouzos, it’s one of the most finest gardens in China. Now the architecture in China became modern, there are still ancient architectural building and houses, but lots of buildings and houses have been taking down to put the new modern buildings. How to cite Chinese architecture, Papers

Economics for Managers

Question: Explore the standard of living. Answer: Topic 1.2 The standard of living is the ease by which people living in a particular place or time are able to satisfy their wants/needs. It is measured by income per person, quality of health care, education standards, income growth, and life expectancy. Factors such as level of goods and services available, ownership of capital equipment and technology determine the standard of living (Cantillon, 2013). When the micro economic environment is favorable, productivity increases, and this in turn increases the amount of goods and services available to individuals, and income generated both by the entrepreneurs and the employees. Macroeconomic environment affects micro-entrepreneurs decisions and vice versa. For example, a rise in oil prices will have a considerable impact on the cost push inflation, income generated by micro entrepreneurs and the standard of living (Wang, 2013). Acquisition of a new technology will likewise minimize costs, increase production, and accelerate national economic growth. So, both the micro and the macro environments will determine the standard of living. Topic 2.3 Demand refers to the quantity of a product a consumer is willing and able to buy at a given price. Demand of Petrol Demand for petrol is affected by own price, the price of related products, and expectations about the future prices. When the price increases, many commuters opt for public means as opposed to private cars. While the demand for petrol is price inelastic in the short run (a change in price does not significantly affect demand) its elastic in the long run. A motorist will not sell his/her fuel inefficient car right away when the price of petrol rises. A company will likewise not replace its machines in the short run to save on fuel costs. But both will do so in the long run. Demand for petrol today is a result of price changes experienced in the past. Australia depends on Singapore for her petroleum imports. So, a change in price in Singapore will affect local demand both in the short (though not significantly), and in the long run (Valadkhani, 2013). The price of related products (substitutes or complements) affects demand. An increase in demand for new cars (complementary good) due to tax incentives or for other reasons increases demand for petrol. When some consumers and sellers expect the price of petrol to increase in the near future, they purchase it in huge volumes hoping to sell later at a profit. Overseas Travel Factors affecting the demand for overseas travel include the households disposable income, the strength of Australian dollar, leisure travel patterns, costs of inputs, and aviation supply capacity. A 1.0 percent increase in domestic income increases outbound tourism by 1.0 percent. A 1.0% increase in Australian dollar increases outbound tourism by 0.5 percent (Athanasopoulos et al., 2014). Aviation supply capacity and airfares also contribute to outbound tourism. Ceteris paribus, a 1.0 percent increase in domestic fares increases outbound tourism by 0.6 percent. Topic 3.5 A good is said to have an inelastic price elasticity of demand if the percentage change in demand is less than the percentage change in price. The demand curve for an inelastic good is steeper and vertical for perfect demand inelasticity. Total revenue for a seller of an inelastic good can be analyzed in terms of price effects- increase in price increases the total revenues. A decrease in price will conversely reduce the total revenues of a supplier. Examples of inelastic goods include health care, demand for petrol (in the short run), and the basic commodities such as salt. A good is demand elastic if the percentage change in demand is greater than the percentage change in price, holding other factors constant. The demand curve for elastic goods is downward sloping and horizontal for perfect elasticity (Văduva, 2015). Total revenue of a supplier for elastic goods can be analyzed in terms of quantity effects (a decrease in quantity demanded as a result of the price increase, and vice versa). Price elastic goods normally have close substitutes. People often prefer competing products when the price rises. Examples include tea and coffee, and a particular type of bread. Topic 5.2 McKinsey Australia and New Zealand is a management-consulting firm which has a global presence. It spans in multiple sectors such as retail, energy, healthcare, finance, government, social sector, and others. The two major conditions of supply for the company are the factor prices and the prices charged by competing companies. Factor price acts as one of the major determinants of supply. Factors refer to inputs of production such as labor, computers, and others. If the factors are readily available and are in low prices, production will increase. The availability of cheap labor such as a large pool of interns reduces the cost and the price of consultancy (Arman, Bazrafkan and Tabar, 2014). With reduced price, demand increases and supply follows suit. The prices charged by competing firms also affect the supply. Holding other factors such as consumer tastes and preferences constant, when the competing firms are charging less, consumers prefer competitors, and this lowers the supply for management consultancy of McKinsey Australia and New Zealand. Topic 6.3 Conditions for a perfect competition include: many buyers and sellers, buyers have complete information about goods produced and the price charged; free entry and exit, homogenous products, and firms are price takers. Under perfect competition, the price charged reflects supply and demand. Since consumers have many substitutes, they will abandon the seller if his/her goods become more expensive or the quality falls short. Sellers under perfect competition dont have an incentive to overcharge. They only earn enough profit to keep them in business. Because the entry is free, more sellers will be attracted if the existing ones earn more, thereby driving the costs down (Misra, n.d.). Firms are price takers. Because the products are homogenous, no single firm can charge a price higher than competitors without closing business. Perfect competition is more favorable to buyers than sellers because the former have many choices and sellers have no incentive to exploit buyers by overcharging them to earn supernormal profits. Topic 7.2 Monopoly is a market with one seller for a good or a service and no close substitutes. Firms would pursue a position of monopoly so as to produce less, charge more than competitive prices and increase their revenues. Factors such as the ownership and control of key resource needed for the production of a particular good, government franchise, and economies of scale contribute to monopoly. A firm with control over strategic raw material or knowledge about an ingredient or a chemical combination needed to solve a particular problem will tend to be monopolistic. Likewise is a firm with unlimited economies of scale and high fixed costs for the production of a particular good (Skapa, 2013). A firm getting close to monopoly will have a large market share and will restrict barriers to entry through price under cuttings. The firm will take advantage of economies of scale and sell its goods and services below the cost of production thereby driving new entrants out of business. Another indicator of monopoly is when large firms are trying to merge to gain power and control over the market. Topic 7.5 Rationing refers to the controlled distribution of scarce goods, services, and resources among competing wants. Since the needs and wants are unlimited and resources are finite, the available commodities must be distributed to competing needs. The price rations commodities by limiting the purchase only to those willing and able to pay a price. When the demand of a particular good or service outstrips supply, price increases, and buyers willing and able to pay the price are the ones to receive satisfaction from the good or the service. Public owned utilities such as game parks will charge a price not to generate a profit, but limit the number of people visiting the place (Grassi and Ma, 2014). When such a place is free of charge, many people will visit leading to congestion, dumping, and other problems. Charging a given price is a rational way to limit the number of people visiting the area. Topic 8.1 The five entities in the circular flow of income include the households, the government, financial markets, the firms, and the rest of the world. Households provide labor, raw materials, and capital and are paid wages, profit, interest, and rent from the factor markets. From that money, they pay taxes to the government. The government buys goods and services from firms, and pays some money to the households in the form of government transfers. The households use their disposable income to either buy goods or services, or save/invest to the financial markets. Financial markets provide loans to the government and households. They also provide capital to businesses. Firms produce goods and services and pays wages, rent, and dividends to households. Some of these goods are exported to the foreign countries. Firms import capital equipment from foreign countries. The outside world provides imports of goods and services to the firms and households, and offer loans to the financial markets. Topic 8.3 GDP is an important identifier of the current state of the economy, the business and the investment environments. If the GDP records indicate a fall in two or more consecutive quarters, the economy is said to be in a recession. When it records a decreasing growth for two or more consecutive quarters, it is said to be in a slowdown. The boom and bust cycles, which are important determinants of business environment, largely depend on the GDP numbers (Andresen, 2015). The GDP portrays an inclusive picture about the health of the economy and provides a useful insight to investors and managers. It is often viewed as an indicator of corporate profits in a country. If the GDP growth is slow, investors will be wary of investing in the country, hence affecting the level of foreign direct investments (Wang, n.d.). The knowledge of GDP helps managers to manage their portfolios and diversify their risks. It is also useful in policy formulation by political leaders and policy makers. Topic 8.5 Economic well-being refers to a persons living standards based on how well they are doing financially (their material welfare). Measures of economic well-being include the quality of health services, education standards, life expectancy, and the number of people owning non essentials such as cars and refrigeration, income per capita, and income growth (McDonald, 2013). Other factors that indicate economic well-being include national economic growth, infrastructural growth, class disparity, and incidence of diseases. Availability of employment, hours of work needed to buy goods and services, inflation, and hours of leisure consumed are also good indicators of economic well being. Affordable housing, environmental quality, political and religious freedom, climate and safety are also important indicators of economic well-being in Australia. Index of Human Development (HDI) is a good indicator of economic well being. It is a combination of GDI per capita, education, and life expectancy. The above measures combined define the economic well-being in Australia. References Andresen, M. (2015). Unemployment, GDP, and Crime: The Importance of Multiple Measurements of the Economy. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 57(1), pp.35-58. Arman, A., Bazrafkan, R. and Tabar, S. (2014). An Evaluation of Factors ( Wages and Output ) Affecting the Demand for Labor in the Industrial Workshops ( Using GJR Method ). Academic Journal of Research in Economics and Management, 2(9), pp.22-29. Athanasopoulos, G., Deng, M., Li, G. and Song, H. (2014). Modelling substitution between domestic and outbound tourism in Australia: A system-of-equations approach. Tourism Management, 45, pp.159-170. Cantillon, S. (2013). Measuring Differences in Living Standards Within Households. Fam Relat, 75(3), pp.598-610.

Patching Up The Musical Quilt free essay sample

The Quilt Gym Class Heroes **** If OutKasts Aquemini album made hip-hop sound funny in the 90s, Gym Class Heroes The Quilt completely made the same effect in 2008. When I first heard Cupids Chokehold I almost screamed out Ewww! When I looked in the Arts and Leisure section of The New York Times, it read that Gym Class Heroes came out with a new album. I took one look at Travis McCoys clothing and literally jumped out of my socks. But Im a tolerant person. So one month later, I bought The Quilt on iTunes. Peace Sign/Index Down gave me the impression Lil Travvy wasnt thinking straight at that time. Look ma, no hands/ Your little boys a man/ Everything that you said is finally setting in/ Trainig wheels fell off and I kept peddling/ And now Im riding wheelies on this industry/ Say the word and Ill ghostride this instantly/ Good looking pop all the strength that youre giving me/ If it werent for you gym class would be history And I was like, whoa, slow down! Crazy excellent song in my book, ladies and gentlemen. We will write a custom essay sample on Patching Up The Musical Quilt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Cookie Jar and Kissin Ears both feature The-Dreams scratchy falsetto on the chorus. Hmmm The Prince of Silliness and The Duke of Dischord together for a bangin time. Masterpieces all of them and nothing less. Cookie Jar is certainly, delectable (no pun intended). Live A Little gave us a glimpse of the reason why Gym Class Heroes is a multi-genre band. These lyrics are not hip-hoppy at all. They are emo, emo, EMO! I request hip-hop, not rock. Aargh, what is wrong with hip-hoppers thinking they can rock the house these days? But what better way to jumpstart an album than with a reggae song. Believe it or not, Sir Travis put a horny ska-driven track entitled Blinded By The Sun, which follows a journey of a man wondering if he is his girlfriends only lover. At the end of the song, it turns out his girlfriend was two-timing him. Blinded by lies, therefore blinded by the sun. This, along with Cookie Jar were used for remixing on the iTunes version, featuring a rapper who calls himself Str essed Out. The high reediness of his voice backed up against Travis McCoys mouth makes a dent upon the musical world. If you liked Gorillaz, Gym Class Heroes are next in the alphabet and up on your playlist.

Pretty Woman essays

Pretty Woman essays I watched the movie,  g Pretty Woman h. The main actors are Richard Gere and Julia Roberts. This movie is a modern version of the Cinderella story, and this is a romantic comedy that made a big hit all over the world. This movie is one of the Academy Award Nominations. The director is Garry Marshall, and the production is Arnon Milchan. Also,it was written by J.F. Lawton . The movie was released in 1990 . There are two main characters in the movie. One of them is Vivian Ward and the other is Edward Lewis. Vivian is in her mid-twenties, and she is tall and slim. She has long wavy red hair and brown eyes. Before she met Edward, she wore gaudy clothes, but afterwards, her typical clothing was elegant. Edward is much older than Vivian. He is in his mid-forties, and he is also tall. He has gray hair and brown eyes. He always wears expensive suits. Emotionally, Vivian is a really strong character. She is tough all the time in the movie. This is expressed especially when some the sales people were mean to her. She took out the anger on a hotel man. She said, "Oh, man, if you are calling the cops, yeah, call the cops. That's great. Tell them I said hi." Whereas Vivian is strong throughout the movie, her confidence changes. In the beginning of the movie, she didn't have confidence. She was sometimes warned by Edward. He told her to stop fidgeting. However, she gradually gained confidence. She was praised for her beauty by many people, such as Edward, the hotel men and sales people. As a result, she became a dignified lady. Vivian fs attitude toward life also changes. Before she met Edward, she lived in the present. She said "I was a kind of fly by the seat of my pants gal. You know moment to moment." Then, she met Edward. By the time the movie draws to close, she had changed. She told her friend her plan. She said "I want to finish high school in Los Angels. ...

Battle of Okinawa in World War II

Battle of Okinawa in World War II The Battle of Okinawa was one of the largest and costliest military actions during World War II (1939–1945) and lasted between April 1 and June 22, 1945. Forces Commanders Allies Fleet Admiral Chester NimitzAdmiral Raymond SpruanceAdmiral Sir Bruce FraserLieutenant General Simon B. Buckner, Jr.Lieutenant General Roy GeigerGeneral Joseph Stilwell183,000 men Japanese General Mitsuru UshijimaLieutenant General Isamu ChoVice Admiral Minoru Ota100,000 men Background Having island-hopped across the Pacific, Allied forces sought to capture an island near Japan to serve as a base for air operations in support of the proposed invasion of the Japanese home islands. Assessing their options, the Allies decided to land on Okinawa in the Ryukyu Islands. Dubbed Operation Iceberg, planning began with Lieutenant General Simon B. Buckners 10th Army tasked with taking the island. The operation was scheduled to move forward following the conclusion of fighting on Iwo Jima which had been invaded in February 1945. To support the invasion at sea, Admiral Chester Nimitz assigned Admiral Raymond Spruances U.S. 5th Fleet (Map). This included the carriers Vice Admiral Marc A. Mitschers Fast Carrier Task Force (Task Force 58). Allied Forces For the coming campaign, Buckner possessed nearly 200,000 men. These were contained in Major General Roy Geigers III Amphibious Corps (1st and 6th Marine Divisions) and Major General John Hodges XXIV Corps (7th and 96th Infantry Divisions). In addition, Buckner controlled the 27th and 77th Infantry Divisions, as well as the 2nd Marine Division. Having effectively eliminated the bulk of the Japanese surface fleet at engagements such as the Battle of the Philippine Sea and the Battle of Leyte Gulf, Spruances 5th Fleet was largely unopposed at sea. As part of his command, he possessed Admiral Sir Bruce Frasers British Pacific Fleet (BPF/Task Force 57). Featuring armored flight decks, the BPFs carriers proved more resistant to damage from Japanese kamikazes and were tasked with providing cover for the invasion force as well as striking enemy airfields in the  Sakishima Islands. Japanese Forces The defense of Okinawa was initially entrusted to General Mitsuru Ushijimas 32nd Army which consisted of the 9th, 24th, and 62nd Divisions and the 44th Independent Mixed Brigade. In the weeks before the American invasion, the 9th Division was ordered to Formosa forcing Ushijima to alter his defensive plans. Numbering between 67,000 and 77,000 men, his command was further supported by Rear Admiral Minoru Otas 9,000 Imperial Japanese Navy troops at Oroku. To augment his forces further, Ushijima drafted nearly 40,000 civilians to serve as reserve militia and rear-echelon laborers. In planning his strategy, Ushijima intended to mount his primary defense in the southern part of the island and entrusted fighting at the northern end to Colonel Takehido Udo. Additionally, plans were made to employ large-scale kamikaze tactics against the Allied invasion fleet. Campaign at Sea The naval campaign against Okinawa began in late March 1945, as the carriers of the BPF began striking Japanese airfields in the Sakishima Islands. To the east of Okinawa, Mitschers carrier provided cover from kamikazes approaching from Kyushu. Japanese air attacks proved light the first several days of the campaign but increased on April 6 when a force of 400 aircraft attempted to attack the fleet. The high point of the naval campaign came on April 7 when the Japanese launched Operation Ten-Go. This saw them attempt to run the battleship Yamato through the Allied fleet with the goal of beaching it on Okinawa for use a shore battery. Intercepted by Allied aircraft, Yamato and its escorts were immediately attacked. Struck by multiple waves of torpedo bombers and dive bombers from Mitschers carriers, the battleship was sunk that afternoon. As the land battle progressed, Allied naval vessels remained in the area and were subjected to a relentless succession of kamikaze attacks. Flying around 1,900 kamikaze missions, the Japanese sunk 36 Allied ships, mostly amphibious vessels and destroyers. An additional 368 were damaged. As a result of these attacks, 4,907 sailors were killed and 4,874 were wounded. Due to the protracted and exhausting nature of the campaign, Nimitz took the drastic step of relieving his principal commanders at Okinawa to allow them to rest and recuperate. As result, Spruance was relieved by Admiral William Halsey in late May and Allied naval forces were re-designated the 3rd Fleet. Going Ashore Initial U.S. landings began on March 26 when elements of the 77th Infantry Division captured the Kerama Islands to the west of Okinawa. On March 31, Marines occupied Keise Shima. Only eight miles from Okinawa, the Marines quickly emplaced artillery on these islets to support future operations. The main assault moved forward against the Hagushi beaches on the west coast of Okinawa on April 1. This was supported by a feint against the Minatoga beaches on the southeast coast by the 2nd Marine Division. Coming ashore, Geiger and Hodges men quickly swept across the south-central part of the island capturing the Kadena and Yomitan airfields (Map). Having encountered light resistance, Buckner ordered the 6th Marine Division to begin clearing the northern part of the island. Proceeding up the Ishikawa Isthmus, they battled through rough terrain before encountering the main Japanese defenses on the Motobu Peninsula. Centered on the ridges of Yae-Take, the Japanese mounted a tenacious defense before being overcome on April 18. Two days earlier, the 77th Infantry Division landed on the island of Ie Shima offshore. In five days of fighting, they secured the island and its airfield. During this brief campaign, famed war correspondent Ernie Pyle was killed by Japanese machine gun fire. Grinding South Though fighting in the northern part of the island was concluded in fairly rapid fashion, the southern part proved a different story. Though he did not expect to defeat the Allies, Ushijima sought to make their victory as costly as possible. To this end, he had constructed elaborate systems of fortifications in the rugged terrain of southern Okinawa. Pushing south, Allied troops fought a bitter battle to capture Cactus Ridge on April 8, before moving against Kakazu Ridge. Forming part of Ushijimas Machinato Line, the ridge was a formidable obstacle and an initial American assault was repulsed (Map). Counterattacking, Ushijima sent his men forward on the nights of April 12 and 14, but was turned back both times. Reinforced by the 27th Infantry Division, Hodge launched a massive offensive on April 19 backed by the largest artillery bombardment (324 guns) employed during the island-hopping campaign. In five days of brutal fighting, U.S. troops forced the Japanese to abandon the Machinato Line and fall back to a new line in front of Shuri. As much of the fighting in the south had been conducted by Hodges men, Geigers divisions entered the fray in early May. On May 4, Ushijima again counterattacked, but heavy losses caused him to halt his efforts the next day. Achieving Victory Making skillful use of caves, fortifications, and the terrain, the Japanese clung to the Shuri Line limiting Allied gains and inflicting high losses. Much of the fighting centered on heights known as Sugar Loaf and Conical Hill. In heavy fighting between May 11 and 21, the 96th Infantry Division succeeded in taking the latter and flanking the Japanese position. Taking Shuri, Buckner pursued the retreating Japanese but was hampered by heavy monsoon rains. Assuming a new position on the Kiyan Peninsula, Ushijima prepared to make his last stand. While troops eliminated the IJN forces at Oroku, Buckner pushed south against the new Japanese lines. By June 14, his men had begun to breach Ushijimas final line along the Yaeju Dake Escarpment. Compressing the enemy into three pockets, Buckner sought to eliminate enemy resistance. On June 18, he was killed by enemy artillery while at the front. Command on the island passed to Geiger who became the only Marine to oversee large formations of the U.S. Army during the conflict. Five days later, he turned command over to General Joseph Stilwell.   A veteran of the fighting in China, Stilwell saw the campaign through until its finish. On June 21, the island was declared secure, though fighting lasted another week as the last Japanese forces were mopped up. Defeated, Ushijima committed hara-kiri on June 22. Aftermath One of the longest and costliest battles of the Pacific Theater, Okinawa saw American forces sustain 49,151 casualties (12,520 killed), while the Japanese incurred 117,472 (110,071 killed). In addition, 142,058 civilians became casualties. Though effectively reduced to a wasteland, Okinawa quickly became a key military asset for the Allies as it provided a key fleet anchorage and troop staging areas. In addition, it gave the Allies airfields that were only 350 miles from Japan. Selected Sources U.S. Army: Okinawa - The Last BattleHistoryNet: Battle of OkinawaGlobal Security: Battle of OkinawaU.S. Army: Okinawa - The Last Battle

Management. Business function and processes (Tourism) Research Paper

Management. Business function and processes (Tourism) - Research Paper Example During next few years, TUI developed and changed its production from industrial segment to a modern tourism and shipping company. The general credibility of the TUI is quite excellent. Strategically today TUI is the largest and leading tourism and shipping organization of the world, operationally active mainly in Central, Northern and Western Europe while it has the networks across the Europe as well. The inventory of TUI is decorated with hotels, restaurants, retail stores, container ships, travel agencies and airlines. TUI has â‚ ¬14,917.5 million current and non-current net assets and liabilities (Interim Annual Report, 2009). On December 2008, TUI had 70,200 employees (TUI Annual Report, 2008), 285 hotels with 163,000 beds in 28 different countries including 84% four or five star hotels, 79 tour operators in 18 countries, 120 aircraft, 10 cruise liners, and 443 subsidiary companies (http://www.tui.com). At present, TUI AG has 43.3% shares in Hapag-Lloyd AG. During the fiscal y ear 2008, TUI had revenue about â‚ ¬759 million. One of the unmatchable entrepreneurial landmarks of TUI is its continuous structural progress and upgrading services offered to worldwide customers. Contrary to its rivalries, TUI is very successful in both the tourism and shipping divisions because of its advanced attractive products and services as well as the expansion of new and strong brands. However, the performance of TUI has been affected badly due to ongoing war against terrorism, natural calamities, global recession and lack of customer confidence. Prior to 9/11, TUI had more dynamic growth from 1995 to 2001. Post 9/11 affects really restricted the TUI’s expansion strategy especially in various countries of Asia. Since China is an emerging market, therefore TUI had planned a broad strategy but war in Afghanistan and its further affects in Pakistan kept TUI to hold up its venture in China (http://www.tui.com). In such political and military situations, TUI decided to launch its new segment in the form of a network of fast food outlets in major cities of UK and Greece instead of Asia. The long term success of TUI in Europe also forced its top management to expand the company’s growth into competitive markets of Eastern Europe. With the intention of mounting its potential, developing activities, and to attain a sustainable lead against its rivalries, TUI has decided to launch its tourism network in the markets of UK and Greece. In the first phase of its new project, 10 fast food units

Discrimination in the Workforce Problem-Resolution Essay

Discrimination in the Workforce Problem-Resolution - Essay Example Now let us see what may be the goal to be formulated by the leader to achieve a better result where the problem of discrimination arises. AIM/GOAL The best way to combat workplace discrimination is to prevent it from happening in the first place. So the first and foremost aim or goal should be always ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Henry Kissinger US diplomat & scholar; national security advisor 1969-1975; Secretary of State 1973-1977; Nobel Prize in Peace 1973 3Solution for the discrimination of the workforce revolving around the elimination of the so called discrimination of work force in the workplace. OBJECTIVE It is vital for any organization to formulate the objectives to attain the above said goals.The desired objectives should be, 1. To achieve a change in someone's life and to improve their life opportunities, 2. To keep an accelerate quality of life for someone as long as possible in the face of infirmity and adversity, 3. To keep people safe from harm and harming themselves to others. (2) To achieve these objectives which are aim to eradicate the discrimination of workforce in the workplace some strategies must be brought in. STRATEGIES 1. To educate and make the leaders and the workers aware of their rights and...But the employer or leader is the sole and prime body to prevent such inactivity right before the outburst of the crisis for the well being of his dependents and also for the benefit of the company. As Henry Kissinger (1) the task of the leader is to get his people from where they are to where they have not been. So for a leader it is import display varied leadership styles according to the demands of the diverse situations. To prevent the problems like discrimination of workforce and safe guard the interest of the employees the leader has to acquire the tactics like vision, strategy, communication, buy-in, motivation, empowerment etc. Besides he has to plan an overall goal to achieve the thriving end and also he must have precise objectives to gain this goal. Now let us see what may be the goal to be formulated by the leader to achieve a better result where the problem of discrimination arises. 3. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC),(2004) in Annual Federal Sector EXCEL Program for Government Employees, Managers, and Union Officials from August 30 to September 2, 2004 in Las Vegas, Nevada. disability. A strong prevention program helps employers comply with the law and breaks down barriers to employment opportunities.

Ps I Love You Film Review Essay Example for Free

Ps I Love You Film Review Essay â€Å"Finding someone you love and who loves you back is a wonderful, wonderful feeling. But finding a true soul mate is an even better feeling. A soul mate is someone who understands you like no other, loves you like no other, will be there for you forever, no matter what. They say that nothing lasts forever, but I am a firm believer in the fact that for some, love lives on even after were gone.† This quotation comes from book â€Å"PS I love you†, written by Cecelia Ahern, and perfectly describes the novel. This book is definitely for women, when you read this you can find yourself laughing and crying all at once. Holly and Gerry had a perfect life. They are happily married, they lived in Dublin closed to their friends and family, the world lies at their feet. When Gerry dies, Holly is devastated. At the day of her 30th birthday, the man who was her soul mate, her lover, has left her. The only one who can help her is the person who is no longer there. But before he died, Gerry wrote a series of letters, some kind of guide includes a mission for Holly to get her life back on track. Over the years which they were together Garry has always been the organized one and long before he became sick he joked with Holy that if he died before her, he would leave her a special list of things to do to assure her life ran smoothly without him. And he kept his promise. Holly discovers that her mother has a large envelope for her. One for each of the remaining months of the year. Letters are delivered in surprising ways, each contained a new adventure or challenges and each signing of in the same way: â€Å"P.S. I Love You†. Its a bittersweet tale that not only focuses on death but also celebrates life and the joy that is found in living. And although Holly eventually finds peace through the letters that Gerry has left behind, its her family and friends that play the biggest part in helping her to let go and move on from grief. Hollys mother and best friends begin to worry that Gerrys letters are keeping Holly tied to the past, but in fact, each letter is pushing her further into a new future. Gerrys first instructions are not only to Holly, but also to her best friends, to get out and celebrate Hollys birthday together. Denise and Sharon seem to represent two aspects of life, Sharon is married and is on her way to building a family, while Denise is still single. She is looking for the right guy, but she does not want to waste time, so she has her checklist. She is definitely not shy but the most importantly, she is a good friend. Hollys friend Sharon is married to John, who, as often happens with couples, was Gerrys best friend. John is in a bit of a strange position because he loved Gerry, too, and maybe he is feeling a little left out. John thinks he will never have another friend like Gerry. The next character is The new bartender in Patricias pub, Daniel meets and forms an instant attraction to Holly at, of all places, Gerrys wake. Is interesting, and spontaneous and he says things that are unpredictable, and does not feel the need to apologize if people are taken aback. He becomes a shoulder for Holly to lean on because he is the one person among her friends who didnt know Gerry so theres no reason for him to tread lightly or walk on eggshells when his name comes up, which she finds refreshing. Daniel is brave enough to speak his mind, and I think that is helpful to Holly in dealing with her loss. With Gerrys words as her guide, Holly embarks on a journey of rediscovery in a story about marriage, friendship and how a love so strong can turn the finality of death into a new beginning for life. The tasks range was different, from getting a new job to singing karaoke in front of a nightclub audience. With some help from her friends, and her noisy and loving family, Holly aversely embraces each of the tasks and discovers along the way that she has more inner strength than she could ever have imagined. She also struggle with feelings of guilt when she meets a handsome man who is clearly attracted to her. The love story is told in a unique way. The main character must started to live without her husband. He was the earth she lived, the ground she stepped and air she breathes. She did not have a proper job, she was not ambitious, she did not have any hobbies. Everything she did in her life revolved around Gerry. They were talking about how unpredictable life could be as one didn’t always get what one expected. No matter how many times you read this book, it will always brings you a smile on your lips with tears in your eyes. This is one of those books that make you cry from the time it starts, then later on lifts you up with some comedy, proceeds with an aura of hope and some heart-warming flash-backs. Cecelia Ahern has written this book brilliantly, she describes the emotions and struggle of life. Author also has taught me a valuable lesson about the true meaning of living and the divide between life and death, and gave the lesson about what it takes to lead meaningful and purposeful life. I really enjoyed it book. It is a romance, but it explores a hard issue. I would recommend this book to anyone that loves a good dramatic, and funny fiction story. Of the front of the book you can find a quote: Everyone needs a guardian angel and I hope we all do.

The Death Penalty is a Just and Proper Punishment :: Pro Capital Punishment Death Penalty Crime Essays

The Death Penalty is a Just and Proper Punishment The idea of putting another human to death is hard to completely fathom. The physical mechanics involved in the act of execution are easy to grasp, but the emotions involved in carrying out a death sentence on another person, regardless of how much they deserve it, is beyond my own understanding. I know it must be painful, dehumanizing, and sickening. However, this act is sometimes necessary and it is our responsibility as a society to see that it is done. Opponents of capital punishment have basically four arguments. The first is that there is a possibility of error. However, the chance that there might be an error is separate from the issue of whether the death penalty can be justified or not. If an error does occur, and an innocent person is executed, then the problem lies in the court system, not in the death penalty. Furthermore, most activities in our world, in which humans are involved, possess a possibility of injury or death. Construction, sports, driving, and air travel all offer the possibility of accidental death even though the highest levels of precautions are taken. These activities continue to take place, and continue to occasionally take human lives, because we have all decided, as a society, that the advantages outweigh the unintended loss. We have also decided that the advantages of having dangerous murderers removed from our society outweigh the losses of the offender. The second argument against capital punishment is that it is unfair in its administration. Statistics show that the poor and minorities are more likely to receive the death penalty. Once again, this is a separate issue. It can't be disputed sadly, the rich are more likely to get off with a lesser sentence, and this bias is wrong. However, this is yet another problem of our current court system. The racial and economic bias is not a valid argument against the death penalty. It is an argument against the courts and their unfair system of sentencing. The third argument is actually a rebuttal to a claim made by some supporters of the death penalty. The claim is that the threat of capital punishment reduces violent crimes. Opponents of the death penalty do not agree and have a valid argument when they say, "The claims that capital punishment reduces violent crime is inconclusive and certainly not proven." I am not refuting this accusation. In fact, statistics show that the death penalty neither lowers or raises the incidence of violent crimes.

Locke and Publius

John Locke and Publius Valerius Publicola both believed in the capabilities of people to reason out for themselves. This reason is rooted in a commonwealth which is the product of the people’s rationality, forming, framing and judging that commonwealth. They both value the people’s ability to judge and interpret things, and that these people are the great considerations in creating rules and laws in the society. John Locke is an English philosopher who is considered to be a British empiricist, but is an important proponent of the social contract theory (Krishnananda, 2004). This theory is the view that tells us about the people’s moral (and political) obligations depends on an agreement which is set between them in order to mold our society. The power lies in the people and that they are way above the government. The government is merely a tool of the people, such that they need the consent of these masses for them to go on with their governance. If not, it will eventually lead to a rebellion. This means that the true power lies in the hands of the people, and that the government is merely a manifestation of that power. The people are protected by the rights of life, liberty and property, and that they have full potential in exercising these rights. The government is there to supervise and see that these rights of the people are achieved, and if not, the people could choose to reinstate another government in the form of a rebellion. Locke’s perspective greatly affected the political philosophy and that he is considered to be a major proponent of the liberal theory. Being liberal means concerning yourself with the concerns of the people, thinking of their needs and welfare, like their health, housing, education their jobs, their rights and liberties. Being liberal entails that you are looking ahead and not behind, being open to new ideas without rigid or violent reactions. The people are the main cause of liberalism. They are the ones treated as being the most important. It doesn’t just battle local governance, it shows that people should be treated well, always looking forward to meet their needs. Publius is a pseudonym that was taken up by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. This is taken from the Roman consul Publius Valerius Publicola who was a proponent of the Roman Republic. Most of the writings are done by Alexander Hamilton, who wrote about 51 of the 85 Federalist papers. James Madison, who was greatly credited for the creation of the Constitution, has written about 29 of the papers. Meanwhile, John Jay, who wrote more or less 5 Federalist papers, became the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The federalist papers that they wrote were pioneering. It became proponents of the law-making body of the country and that it could be accounted as important philosophical articles. When the Constitution was being thoroughly scrutinized in the late 1787, it was directly subject to criticisms especially by the anti-federalists. Anti-federalists papers under the pseudonym â€Å"Cato† and â€Å"Brutus† has surfaced. In response to that, Hamilton began writing the federal papers to contradict the opponents of ratification. He responded by explaining the new Constitution to induce its ratification. He has written the first federalist paper wishing to satisfactory answer all the objections that seem vague or catch the attention of the people. Hamilton recruited other people to write with him, and they took the roman name Publius, from Publius Valerius Publicola, who was not only a defender of the public but actually one of those who has contributed in shaping it. He was one of the first consuls who took position after the Imperial rule and has maintained it that way. He opposed the establishment and taking position of kings. His surname actually meant â€Å"friend of the people,† that is why it really fits to be used as a pseudonym by those who fights for the rights of the people. Hamilton. The writings were generally pro-people federalism, and how it values a large following of the republic. It gives power to the national and state governments, and follows a certain central power at that. Hamilton and the others advocated this cause, which they see is fit for the United States, basically because it unites the power and governance under one head. Leadership and unity has really been a big factor in this set-up. On being liberal Both John Locke and Publius (Hamilton, Madison, and Jay) are liberals. Both of them believe in welcoming new ideas without the rigidity of reactions and that they always see through the people’s welfares. This is both their concern, making sure that they receive the appropriate attention in terms of benefits like housing, schools, rights and more. Their outlook is looking ahead, and not regretting decisions that they have made. For John Locke, liberalism is a term attached with a lot of meanings, and that you could associate a lot of things to it. Locke associated liberalism with religion, wherein he clearly defines its difference with other types of liberalism. He compared religious liberalism to free-market liberalism, in terms of the age of existence. He said that this type of liberalism is in support of religious freedom, including tolerating it and the clear delineation of the church from the state. It also gives the people freedom on how they will interpret the writings of the Scripture (Bible). This opens a new view for the people, since it is a perspective that rejects the idea of heresy, wherein you can get expelled or denied from the church, tried and burned at the stake, or be excommunicated from the society, thus greatly affecting your job and could cause loss of life and property. All of this is because if holding different or contradicting views of what is being taught in the church or by the religious authorities. Publius Valerius Publicola’s take on liberalism was manifested by the writings, which prove to be pro-people. Even though it takes into consideration the concerns of leadership and ruling the country, they still take the people as a very important factor in the interests of the country. He expresses his views and concerns regarding the people’s welfares through enacting and passing laws that enrich their rights to certain liberties. Federalism helps in securing democracy and human rights because it is given as a free choice to the public. If ever they are not satisfied in the condition of another place, say another state, he can clearly move to another. This is a clear representation of his efforts to promote liberty for the people even though he emphasizes on proper leadership and politics. Similarities and differences An evident similarity between Locke and Publius was their attachment to the people. For both of them, the people should be the center of concern and be the top priority for the leaders. Locke considers giving the people freedom and freeing them from the unjust standards and laws that has been put up before. In Locke’s time, people are wrongly tried, instantly getting death sentences when they oppose the view of church. He wishes to abolish that view and end the trials because of heresy. He wanted the people to experience freedom not only with their right to live, but to be able to express themselves. They can also choose what they want to say for and against the church since it is their point of view. But many opposed this, especially those hugging the robes of the priests and church officials of that time. On the other hand, Publius advocates the welfare of the masses with the emphasis of unifying under a single body of leadership. The surname itself is a manifestation of his attachment to the people. It means â€Å"People-Minder† or â€Å"Friend of the people† which he lives up to other’s expectations. He gave a lot of benefits to these people, thus raising their confidence on the importance of leadership, an essential ingredient of federalism which is what Publius rooting for. The federalist papers are manifestations of their attachment to the people. They have devised it in a way that they are not hurting the interests of the majority while imposing unification under one head. Publius was proponent of excellent leadership, which doesn’t undermine the ideas of the people, instead stresses on their interests. These papers where written to support the constitution, and the constitution greatly considers the welfare of the people, along with these different states. There are also obvious differences between the two. John Locke is more into the religious orientation. His ideology on liberalism was on a religious footing. It was clear that wishes to spread his ideas on religious liberalism to the people. John Locke is much more of a calmer personality, being peace loving in nature. On the other hand, Publius was more on the political orientation. He gives emphasis on what it takes to be a leader of a nation, wherein all the power lies in his hands. He is undeniably a big influence in what we have today as the successful Federal government, which is why his outlook is highly political. In one of the writings, Publius stressed his disagreement of people involving into factions. This is because it is detrimental in the interests of the federal state, and that it encourages conglomeration of people who are against something, instead of directly addressing it to the federal government. This is to avoid an imbalance in the power from the people, thus could lead into a political unrest. To prevent this, there are corresponding punishments to such same actions. This is a manifestation of his affirmation of ruling with an iron hand while embracing liberalism. Locke and Publius’ attachment to reason Locke has a clear view of reason and distinguishes it from what others perceive as faith. Faith for Locke is a settled, stable principle which emanates of an assurance and has no shadow of doubt and hesitation. Faith can only be measured if a person’s agreement is with respect to a testimony from God, a response to the words of the Creator himself. But the question of uncertainty arises here, wherein how can one be sure that the testimony comes directly from God, or really is from God. Then we should have the liberty of checking on the credibility whether or not it came from the Creator himself. Weighing it against reason, Locke then distinguishes it by saying that it (reason) is the discovery of the actuality or the sureness of such claims or truths which the mind gets by making inferences and deductions. This are usually achieved with the use of man’s natural facilities, by using his senses and reflecting on it. We have been given of a lot of ways to perceive things, including the perception of what is true, as it is related to reason. According to Locke, the reason is structured into the three degrees of knowledge, wherein it is related into making various judgments. Comparing faith and reason, the former is said to be the agreement to something that is proposed which is not through the basis of reason, but instead based on God’s authority, his most extraordinary ways. God has been a factor as to how we tackle things. Reason is based on senses and Faith is based on God’s intervention. On the other hand, Publius has no concrete attachment to the concept of reason, wherein all his accounts can be justified towards his attitude on leadership and the propagation of peace and liberty in his reign. But as we can see, there may somewhat be a connection on the concept of reason with his pursuit of not affirming the rule of a king or monarchy, thus putting the rule into a sovereign body that would unify all necessary forces under one set of laws and rules. This is a manifestation that he is concerned with reason, such that having a king signifies something devoid of reason since there is a dictator. One cannot fully get the grasp of liberty if there are those who are telling you what to do, and that is basically what the king does. So, this is a manifestation of Publius’ connection to reason. Locke on Virtue According to John Locke, we refer to the nature of our thoughts, the words we speak, and the action that we do as virtue. It is basically the center of our Absolute-Experience wherein we can attain the meaning of real happiness, the true goal of living a human life. We are veering towards self-realization, and as we go towards it, we don’t mind fearing punishment and any other forms that could discourage us from our goal. We are moving towards it since it is the true goal in life. This is how Locke grasps the concept of virtue, just like how Publius sees it. Conclusion John Locke and Publius are two different mindsets from different times. They may have different views on things, but they also have a lot of similarities. These two are truly great proponents of ideals and beliefs, and has been the reason for the establishment of various laws and regulations that are present in out society even today. Their countless contributions had been the basis of various ideologies that has spurn out of time from other great people. They are truly amongst the strong foundations of our society and their ideas prove great importance for everyone in the society today. Because of their ideas, we really owe them a lot. References: Krishnananda, S. (2004). Studies in Comparative Philosophy: John Locke.  Ã‚   Retrieved April 2, 2007, from http://www.swami-krishnananda.org/com/com_lock.html Lendering, J. (2005). Publius Valerius Publicola.  Ã‚   Retrieved April 2, 2007, from http://www.livius.org/va-vh/valerius/publicola.html      

Education Jewish Women Essay

The aim of this paper is to discuss the significance of education for Jewish people and its transformation in recent years. Special attention will be paid to Haredi education. Education has been traditionally attached paramount importance in Jewish communities. It was perceived as a precondition of social advancement, success, and respect from the others. The main feature of education in Jewish communities is that the focus has always been on balanced and all-round development of the personality of a child. Education is closely linked to culture and identity, and the goal of education is to plant Jewish values. Religious education is a part of any educational process, irrespective of whether it happens in family or school settings. A tool of religious education is studying Torah, and the Jews believe that this process is a lifelong one. Therefore, Jewish communities were among the first to champion the idea of continuing education. In terms of Jewish education, it makes sense to speak of formal and informal education. As concerns formal schooling, Jewish education programs can take one of the following forms: full-time, part-time, Sunday-only (one-day only), or tutor (Goldstein & Fishman, 1993). Primary school is usually attended by children older than the age of 6 or 7; before that, they are educated at home. Sometimes children before the age of 6 or 7 attend Sunday school or engage in various forms of informal education. Informal education encompasses such techniques as youth group, camp experience, or drama clubs. Jewish children often manifest strong desire to learn and impressive academic achievement. This is one of the reasons why Jews are likely to pursue higher education. This can be explained by the fact that education has been historically perceived as an important value: ‘At the turn of the last century, Jewish immigrants to the United States and elsewhere carried on the tradition of education. Barely able to make a living, they continued their educations, fought the anti-Semitic stance of University admission committees and sent their children to university’ (Winston, 2006, p. 1). It is interesting to note that Jewish education in the 20th century has put a significant emphasis on gender equality in education. Throughout the 19th century, Jewish girls were educated at home and rarely attended public education facilities. The turnaround was made possible by the institution of girl’s schools at the beginning of the previous century. At present, there are virtually no gender disparities in the level of enrollment in education. Another interesting factor is that children and adolescents realize the value of education from early teens and without external pressure. A study (Seginer & Vermulst, 2002) indicated that such issues as family background as well as perceived parental support and demandingness do not directly affect the level of educational achievement among Jewish youngsters, while this factor is regarded as the key for academic success in other communities. Now it is high time to discuss Haredi education. Under the Haredi education law, local authorities should provide equal amount of funding for state schools and non-state schools: ‘The government approved Sunday my proposal to advance an amendment to the national education law that would obligate local authorities to play a part in funding schools defined as ‘recognized but unofficial’ in an equal manner and in accordance with the schools’ ability to meet the terms and rules set by the Education Ministry’ (Beilin & Nahari, 2007, para. 1). While the law has come in foe excessive criticism, there are some good points in it. First of all, this law acknowledges the importance of different methods of education, both formal and informal, or, in this specific case, both state and non-state. If it is quality education that raises children in the spirit of Jewish values, there is no difference in who provides it. Yet formal education is still paid more attention under this law: ‘The bill has the power to create equality between students in the official education system to those in the recognized system. However, there would still be preference given to students in the former system, which will enjoy full funding both from the Education Ministry and local authorities, compared to their counterparts from the ‘recognized but unofficial’ world – who will continue to enjoy partial funding only’ (Beilin & Nahari, 2007, para. 7). Summing up, it is possible to conclude that education has played a significant role in the Jewish culture. Unique combination of formal and informal as well as state and non-state education providers gives the youth an opportunity to develop their skills and abilities together with learning Jewish values and culture.

Bio 101 Week 4 Assignment Essay Example

Bio 101 Week 4 Assignment Essay Example Bio 101 Week 4 Assignment Paper Bio 101 Week 4 Assignment Paper Organism Physiology: The Octopus Bio/101 The cephalopodor octopus is a marine organism that inhabits many diverse regions of the ocean. Its food source consists of crabs, small fish, clams, mussels and other marine animals. The octopus is a predatory animal and has developed many skills to aid in its survival in the environment it has adapted to. The octopus has several main organs that are vital to its survival; the brain for its intelligence; the ink sack for its defense; and the arms for capturing its prey. This paper will discuss these different organs and how they have evolved physiologically to its environment. Unlike its other cousins in the Mollusca family, octopuses have a considerably large brain in comparison to their bodies. In fact, they have the largest and most complex brain of any invertebrate. Even in the United Kingdom, under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act of 1986 has given the species a title of honorary vertebrate (Deb, 2010). The brain sits just below the optic canal and wraps around the esophagus of the octopus. The brain is composed of 50 to 75 lobes and about half a billion neurons. Roughly two thirds of the neurons lie in the arms of the octopus, which uniquely have their own nervous systems (Miller, 2009). It is hypothesized that the brain of the octopus gives a task to the arm and the arm essentially decides how to carry out that task. An experiment was done that involved separating and cutting the nerves of the arm from other nerves in the body and then tickling the arm. The response showed the injured arm reacted just as a healthy octopus’s arm would (Horton, 2008). All of this unique circuitry gives the octopus immaculate control over their bodies. The octopus prefers movement in a style closest to walking. Suckers on each arm move in unison to propel the octopus. Each sucker has up to 10,000 neurons in it (Horton, 2008). As the octopus moves along the ocean floor, these neurons allow the octopus to learn its surroundings. They can remember the environments and keep a working memory of areas they have fed on in the past that may be more dangerous than others. When feeding in a treacherous environment both prey and predator must develop a varied range of hunting and defense behaviors. Marine biologists that have studied cephalopods claim that their subjects even have personalities and â€Å"that octopuses engage in play, the deliberate, repeated, outwardly useless activity through which smarter animals explore their world and refine their skills† (Scigliano, 2003). One scientist claims that her octopus even â€Å"bubble surfs† by spreading his mantle out and letting the aerator jets from his tank run under his body (Scigliano, 2003). . Key traits were noted out of 73 lab-bred octopuses. Discoveries showed temperamental variations at different maturity levels. Young octopuses tended to be active and aggressive whereas more mature ones tended to be more alert and quick to react to danger (Scigliano, 2003). Evidence that even though their lifespan is short their brain evolves and adapts quickly. Around the mouth of the octopus are eight arms. The eight arms allow the octopus to move, crawl, and swim around in its habitat. Octopuses crawl slowly, walking on its arms to move through the water headfirst with the arms trailing behind. When necessary, octopuses can move fast using their arms to propel it through the water similar to jet propulsion. The suckers found on the underside of the arms aid in catching prey for food, and as a weapon when threatened by the enemy. Octopus facts for kid’s states, â€Å"Octopuses are stealthy hunters changing their color to match the surroundings as they hide. The octopus waits for the prey to arrive within reach, then grabs it and secretes a nerve poison, stunning the prey. † In times of distress, the octopus can detach a limb and the crawling arm serves as a distraction to the predator, allowing the octopus to escape. The octopus will sometimes eat its own arm and the arm will re-grow later with no permanent damage. A neurological disorder causes this (Octopus, 2008). The octopus will also detach a limb during reproduction. The male uses a special arm, usually the third right arm, called a hectocotylus, to insert sperm into the female’s cavity. The third right arm detaches during sexual intercourse and the male dies within a few months after mating. The excellent sense of touch in the octopus is due to the chemoreceptors in the suckers of the arms. These chemoreceptors help the octopus taste what it is touching, and sense when the arms are out but cannot determine the position of its body or arms. The arms of the octopus are physically suited to the environment it inhabits to allow movement, reproduction, feeding, and defense. The octopus is known to be an intelligent creature and over time they have developed defense mechanisms to avoid its predators. The primary defense of the cephalopod is to hide or swim away. But when the octopus is scared it has the ability to release ink in a squirting fashion. The ink sac in an octopus can be found below it’s digestive gland. Located there is a small gland that produces the ink and then a larger muscular sac that stores the ink. The sac has a gland that connects to the anus. When the octopus is scared, the ink is released from the ink sac through the anus and into the funnel where it is mixed with mucous. Melanin, the main component of the ink, clings to the mucous molecules giving morphing into a cloud-like illusion allowing the octopus to swim away and leaving the predator confused. In addition to having melanin, the ink also contains tyrosinase, a very irritating chemical that temporarily suspends the predators sense of smell and irritates the eye (Mather, Anderson, Wood, 2010). While not all species of octopuses have an ink sac the majority still alive today do. The exceptions to this are cephalopods that live in deeper, darker waters where there is very little light. The defense is useless unless the attacker has light to see (Mather, Anderson, Wood, 2010). The octopus is a unique organism that is able to adapt to any environment it inhabits. The brain enables the octopus to solve problems and the ability to remember its surroundings, the brain works with the octopus’s arms similar to the way the brain works the human limbs. The brain sends neuron signals to the arms and the arms carryout the tasks that are signaled by the brain. The octopus can detect a predator and send out a decoy known as an ink screen that disorients and confuses the predator. This allows the octopus to escape and find a hiding place. The physiological development of the organs in the octopus ensures its survival in its habitat, and makes it an excellent hunter. References Buzzle. com. (n. d. ). Octopus facts for kids. Retrieved from buzzle. com/articles/octopus-facts-for-kids. html. Deb, S. (2010). Octopus brain. Open. Retrieved from openthemagazine. com/article/voices/octopus-brain. Horton, J. (2008). How octopuses work. Discovery. Retrieved from http://animals. howstuffworks. com/marine-life/octopus3. htm#. Mather, J. , Anderson, R. , Wood, J. (2010). Octopus: the oceans intelligent vertebrate. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. Miller, G. (2009). Tackling brain evolution with all eight arms. AAAS. Retrieved from http://blogs. sciencemag. org/origins/2009/10/tackling-brain- evolution-with. html. Octopus. (2008). New World Encyclopedia. Retrieved from newworldencyclopedia. org/entry/Octopus? oldid=794938. Scigliano, E. (2003). Through the eye of an octopus. DISCOVER. Retrieved from http://discovermagazine. com/2003/oct/feateye.

A Food Supermarket Chain Marketing Essay

A Food Supermarket Chain Marketing Essay INTRODUCTION Whole Foods Market is a food supermarket chain founded in 1980, which emphasizes in â€Å"natural and organic products†, based in Austin, Texas. John Mackey, founder of Whole Foods Market, has currently 331 supermarket stores in both the United States and Europe. In this report, PEST analysis and Porter’s 5-Forces would be used to analysis the general environment of Whole Foods Market. Using the above mentioned analysis, a value chain would then be recommended to identify which areas or stages of the product would need to be changed in order to improve Whole Foods Market market value, allowing it to remain competitive and ensure business sustainability. ADDED VALUE IDENTIFICATION Whenever a customer intends to patronize Whole Foods Market, the first thought that comes into majority of customer’s minds is that foods sold there are healthier choices. And with the presence of Whole Foods Market’s house brand, 365, customers would be able to purc hase healthier foods at affordable prices. As compared to Whole Foods Market’s competitor, Kroger Supermarkets, Kroger does not emphasize on selling healthier foods, in fact they emphasize more on selling produces at affordable prices. Majority of customers patronizing Kroger Supermarkets have the idea that it’s a one-stop shopping place. Both companies also give their customers the idea that poultry, meat and other fresh produces are of the freshest and highest quality. PEST ANALYSIS The PEST analysis is a business tool used for measuring market growth or decline, hence allowing the business to identify its position, potential and direction. PEST analysis comprises of Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors shown in (fig1.1): (fig. 1.1) POLITICAL Before June 2011, body care products sold at Whole Foods Market need not comply with U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) standards for sale as being organic. After June 2011, body care products are needed to c omply with USDA standards to be labeled as organic. ECONOMIC Economy in the U.S has been declining due to its global huge debt incurred. Recession has set in causing high unemployment rates and failed businesses. The same situation has been experienced in Europe, Euro Crisis, due to Greece’s huge debt incurred. Fall in value of the U.S. dollar and Euro currency has been experienced until present day. SOCIAL Consumer trends have also changed. Modern day consumers tend to go for â€Å"healthier choice† foods, especially organic products. Consumers also tend to shun away from foods, especially poultry and meat, where animals have been treated inhumanely. Organizations actively involved in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are more welcomed by consumers. TECHNOLOGICAL Present day consumers are more engaged in on-line shopping from the internet. Compared to other sectors, the supermarket sector has fewer technologies being implemented in its day to day operations. CONCL USION The supermarket industry is being regulated regularly with new legislations being imposed to improve quality of foods sold. This industry needs to constantly adapt to the needs of consumers which are ever changing based on population, lifestyle, and buying power of consumers. This industry would continue to see growth due to consumers welcoming organic foods.

Mobile Technology in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mobile Technology in Organizations - Essay Example Different ways have come up where an individual can have a discussion with another who is miles away (Huang, et al., 91). Change in technology has led to introduction of mobile phones as a means of communication. Many organizations in the society have opted in using mobile phones as means of communication. This paper discusses in depth the optimistic impacts of the use of mobile technology in business. Mobile technology refers to various types of cellular communication technology devices. These devices include palmtop computers, net-book computers, smart phones, which are the most common, global positioning devices, and wireless debit or credit cards. In most cases, mobile devices may greatly alter business transactions (Unhelkar, 27). For instance, mobile technological devices entail new ways of management, invention, and innovation of new products, and how service is given to customers. Mobile technology has subsequently enabled individuals to have extensive tours all over the worl d with no fear of business management. Moreover, staff that work away from their business locations benefit immensely from the use of mobile phones. Smart phones are not only used for communication but also serve a wide range of functions such as business transactions and research. ... Over years, usage of mobile technology has boomed and technology that is strictly for a particular business has been developed. Businesses have devised their own software where they can carry out business transactions. Moreover, businesses are able to solve quite a range of problems using mobile technology. The level of technology is one essential factor that people consider before purchasing any device. Apart from the ultimate goal of targeting customers, businesses use mobile technology to simplify their office operations and advance planning and organization. The impact of mobile technology on business economy has been highly optimistic (Simon, 157). Mobile technology has been a force that clears away barriers, promotes inclusiveness, and opens opportunities to all those who would otherwise not partake in the digital cost-cutting measures. Arguably, the use of mobile technology devices has enabled businesses worldwide to come up with strategies of solving their problems. The explo sion and expansion of mobile technology has benefited businesses, improved efficiency, streamlined processes, and enabled completely new businesses (Barnes and Scornavacca, 126). Mobile technology devices as depicted by scholars will in the new future take place of desktops. This is because businesses each passing day keep on inventing mobile software platforms that enhance the mode of information delivery and change the operation systems of both the businesses and customers. The most significant benefit that arises from the use of mobile technology in businesses is accessibility. As depicted by Simon (151), mobile technology enables a whole network of employees or offices in an organization to carry out business transactions no matter where they are